Savings Comparison Chart
Topic 529 Savings Plan Coverdell ESA UGMA/UTMA Series I Bonds
Tax Benefits

Earnings

*Federal : Tax-free growth
*State :

Either tax-free or Tax-deferred. Varies by state

Withdrawal

*Federal : Tax-free withdrawal.
*State :

Either tax-free or taxed at beneficiary's rate

Earnings

*Federal : Tax-free growth
*State :

Tax-free growth

Withdrawal

*Federal : Tax-free withdrawal
*State :

Tax-free withdrawal

Beneficiary under age 14

*First $750 of earnings free from federal income taxes, next $750 taxed at child's rate
*Earnings above $1,500 to parents

Beneficiary over age 14

*Same as above
*Earnings above $750 taxed at child's rate

Earnings

*Federal : Tax-deferred growth
*State :

Tax free

*Local : Tax free
 
Is the value of the account
excluded from the owner's taxable estate?
 Yes
Yes
No
No
Maximum Investment

Varies by state. Some states allow lifetime account balances as high as $305,000

Up to $2,000 per beneficiary
No limit
Up to $30,000 per year
Minimum Investment
Depends on program, but normally from $25/month to $50/month, with some managers requiring auto monthly deduction from bank or payroll
Varies by provider/investment
Varies by provider/investment
$50 per year
Qualified Higher
Educational Expenses

Tuition, fees, books, supplies, room and board, and equipment

Tuition, fees, books, supplies, room and board, and equipment. Elementary and secondary education expenses also qualify

Any expense

Tuition and fees only
Financial Aid Treatment

Savings Plans:

Parents assets

Prepaid Plans:

May reduce aid dollar-for-dollar
  Parents assets
  Beneficiary's assets
Parents' assets if education expenses are for child. Student's assets if education expenses are for oneself.
Income Restriction
No
Yes
No
No restriction on purchases. However, income restriction for excluding earnings from federal income tax
Flexibility
Earnings on non-qualified withdrawals taxed at distributee's rate plus an additional 10% tax
Earnings on non-qualified withdrawals taxed at distributee's rate plus an additional 10% tax
Money can be withdrawn by the beneficiary when he/she becomes of legal age. Money can be used for any purpose
Can be redeemed after 6 months. A 3-month earnings penalty applies to redemption within 5 years of issuance
Control of Account
Account holder

Parent or other responsible individual

Student takes control once custodianship ends
Bondholder

                   401kid